Equine Naturopathy Specialist Course

Portions of this module are adapted from Equine Iridology: A Scientific Approach to Reading the Iris of the Horse; Volume 1; Elementary Equine Naturopathy; Candace M. Hoke, O.A., N.D., PhD; Circle Star Farms Press* 2001, Revised Edition 2005.

Equine Naturopathy Specialist Course - Module 3

The Deeper Organs - Elementary Iris Markings of the Heart, Kidney, Pancreas & Adrenal Gland

As in Modules 1 & 2, the basic iris markings remain the same. White will continue to be indicative of pain & inflammation going on in the body at this time. As the iride shows changes up to 2 weeks prior to physical manifestation, it will be difficult - virtually impossible - to determine when the event will manifest unless you have analyzed the iride prior to the appearance of the white flare. The same lack of opportunity occurs if you are asked to determine when the cell death represented by the darker than usual markings happened.

The Equine Heart

The heart is a muscle portion or myocardium of the cardiovascular system. You read correctly. The heart is a muscle - not an organ of the body. Blood enters the heart via veins and exits via arteries. For example, the 2nd chamber on the right side removes blood from the heart via the pulmonary artery into the lung. The 2nd chamber on the left side of the heart is required to pump blood throughout rest of the body - to the head & the legs & back again to the heart. The remainder of the cardiovascular system as it exists as a portion of the circulatory system will be discussed in further modules.

The heart consists 2 sides. Each side is divided into 2 sections. The walls dividing the heart chambers are made of muscle. The walls of the auricles or atria - the 1st chamber of both the left and the right side of the heart - are relatively thinner than those of the ventricles or 2nd chambers of both the left and the right side. The force required to pump blood from the 1st chamber into the 2nd chamber is easy when compared to the force required to pump blood out of the heart. The walls of the 2nd chamber of the left side of the heart are very thick when compared to any of the other heart walls. This is due to the force required to pump the blood throughout the body & back to the heart. The force is produced by contraction of the muscular walls.

The endocardium is the lining of the chambers in the heart. The endocardium consists of special cells to smooth the walls to reduce friction between the walls and the blood.

Valves prevent the blood from flowing backwards as the heart chambers contract. Thus, blood can only pump forward into the arteries and not back to the heart chambers. There are also valves between each heart wall. When the pressure in the arteries & the chambers are equal, the valves shut. This process stops the blood from flowing in the wrong direction back into the heart. As the walls relax as the valves shut, more blood enters the 1st chambers to start a new pumping action.

The process is as follows:

Blood enters the 1st chamber on the right side of the heart known as the right atrium or auricle
The wall of the chamber contracts to propel the blood through the atrio-ventricular tricuspid or three-cusp valve.into the 2nd chamber on the right side of the heart or right ventricle
The wall of the right ventricle contracts to propel the blood into the pulmonary valves.
The blood passes through the pulmonary valves into the pulmonary artery.
Blood now moves into the capillaries of the lung.
The blood leaves the lungs via the pulmonary veins to return to the 1st chamber on the left side of the heart.
As the two-cusped left valve or mitral valvue contracts, the blood moves from the auricle into the ventricle.
From the left ventricle, the blood moves into the aortic valves at the opening of the aorta or main artery of the body
The blood now passes throughout the rest of body via the capillaries and returns to the heart via the veins to the right auricle or atrium where the process began.

The procedure occurs in a continuous rhythmic wave. As one portion relaxes & fills with blood again, the next portion contracts to empty the second chamber. Contraction or systole is immediately followed by relaxation or diastole. This is what is commonly known as a heart beat.

The pericardium is the lining on the outside of the heart. It is similar to the endocardium. Its smoothness aids in preventing and/or reducing any friction that may occur as the heart contracts & relaxes. The heart is enclosed within a fibrous sac.

The heart is found in the thoracic area of the body from the 2nd to the 6th intercostal spaces between the points of the shoulder & the elbow. The right ventricle is in the cranial position (towards the withers) while the left ventricle is caudal (towards the belly). From 2 to 4 heart sounds may be heard in the normal horse as split heart sounds are normal. Maximum performance can increase the resting heart rate from up to 6 or as much as 10 times the regular rate.

The heart has 2 features not found eslewhere in the body. First, the muscle fibers are are joined together in a sheath unlike other muscles, i.e. the arm, which are combined in fibrous bundles. Second, there is the presence of special pathways to direct the current that cause muscle contraction from the 1st chamber to the 2nd chamber & through the 2nd chamber. More specifically, the contraction wave begins at the sinus node of the right auricle, goes throughout the muscle fibers of this first chamber to activate the atrio-ventricular or AV node. The wave continues through the ventricles through the fibers known as the Bundle of Hiss. The wave next moves throughout the 2nd chambers. This electrical wave is what is measured by an ECG or electrocardiograph. Each portion of the wave makes a distinct pattern on the ECG. Thus, the veterinarian is able to determine which part of the heart is either functioning correctly or not.

A stethoscope applied to the horse's body allows one to hear the movements of the heart. This is the fastest way to determine whether or not the heart is pumping in a routine manner. The contraction of the heart muscle, the flow of the blood through the chambers, & the valves closing combine to make a "lubb-dup" sound.

As we advance through this course, we will endeavor to expand the knowledge of the heart & its relationship to the circulatory system. This will include further discussion of the ECG, blood pressure, auscultation (listening via a stethoscope), etc.

The heart is located on the ANW in the left iris about 2:45 (fig.12-2) and in the right iris about 9:30-9:45 (fig.12-1) in zone 3. Zone 3 is found immediately outside of the autonomic nervous wreath. The aorta is found approximately 2:30 on the ANW in the left iris (fig.12-2). These locations should not be confused with the bronchi.

Fig. 12-1 Heart Markings in the Right Iris Fig. 12-2 Heart Markings in the Left Iris

A football type lesion would show an organic weakness requiring vitamin E and a combination of Hawthorn, Motherwort and Myrrh. (Motherwort is used by marathon runners to strengthen the heart.) If there has been tissue damage due to heart attack, the lesion darkens. White flares around the dark lesion may indicate additional current stress to the area.

An elongated darker football type lesion at approximately 2:30 in the left eye usually indicates an enlarged heart. In these cases, I have also worked with Golden Bough (i.e. Mistletoe) in the place of the Hawthorn, Motherwort and Myrrh combination. However, I have found it simpler and more efficient to use the combination.

During a heart attack or stroke, give cayenne extract to stop the process. Cayenne has been known to stop an attack within minutes. As for dosage – most caregivers will not measure at the time of the attack. They just need to act. Ideally, give 2 tablespoons cayenne powder mixed in 4 ounces of water. You may also try Aconite homeopathic remedy (sparingly) in case of cardiac arrest.

For example, when my aged Grand Prix Jumper collapsed to the ground before my eyes, I rushed for the bottle of cayenne extract. I knew a human would require 1-2 eyedroppers on the tongue. Not having time to extrapolate the proper dosage for a 1400 lb. horse, I just opened the 4 ounce bottle and poured it on her tongue. Within 2-3 minutes, she stood up. The immediate danger was over. When the veterinarian appeared on the scene, he was amazed to find her vital signs normal. She lived for another 10 years on a supplementation of 2 parts Hawthorne berry powder, 2 parts of Motherwort herb powder & 1 part of Myrrh gum powder.

I mixed 11 ounces of the combined powder in a 5 gallon glass container. To this container, I added 3 gallons apple cider vinegar with 2 gallons distilled water. I gave her 2 ounces or 1/4 cup twice daily poured on top of her all natural grain mix.

White lesion in the heart zone itself may indicate inflammation of the heart itself. For myocarditis (inflammation), supplementation of the combination of Hawthorn berry, Motherwort herb and Myrrh gum are very successful in many cases. .

After a heart attack and during an angina attack, an extract combination of Hawthorn berries, Motherwort and Myrrh gum are required. Give 1-2 ounces every 20 minutes until there is relief from the pain. There should be a daily supplementation for at least one (1) year. The daily dosage may be anywhere from 2-4 ounces per feeding. This is based on a twice daily feeding program. This is not a supplementation that can be given double the amount as an overdose will stress the heart. Caution should be used with a nursing mare. It is not wise to use this preparation as the nursing foal may be adversely affected. You do not want to damage the foal's heart.

ALWAYS REMEMBER whatever affects the heart also affects the lungs.

For example, a 24-year-old stakes winning granddaughter of Nausea appeared to have had a stroke while we were gone for a week long show circuit. The veterinarian informed us her head was tilted to the right as the neck was bent almost to her shoulder. The mouth was wide open preventing the mare from eating. The equilibrium was severely affected. Other than the use of the cayenne extract or powder there was not much that could be done as the foal was too young to wean. After 2 weeks, the symptoms had greatly dissipated with the supplementation of an extract made of Comfrey root powder, Black Walnut hull powder, Indian Tobacco powder, Scullcap herb powder, Mullein herb powder, Marshmallow root powder, Queen of the Meadow herb powder, White Oak bark powder, and Cayenne powder. The liquid was given 4 oz twice daily as well as applied to the face & neck areas. The neck and head were straight. The mare was again able to eat as she now had control of the mouth and the jaw. She was returned to the daily routine of going out to pasture with her foal.

Approximately 6 weeks passed before the next trauma. The mare lay down in the pasture and was unable to rise. A veterinarian arrived as we were trying to lift off the ground. The vet determined the mare’s heart was giving out. I gave the mare the hawthorn combination. After approximately 5 minutes, the vet listened to the heart again. There was an amazed expression on the vet’s face as the heart rhythm has returned to normalcy.

We weaned the 3-month old foal immediately by putting him in the paddock next to her. I did not want to risk damaging his heart through nursing the mare while she was on the combination. The herbs will affect the mare’s milk content. Unfortunately, the mare lost her balance and went down a week later. I called the vet. The iris told me the time had come for me to let the mare go no matter how much she insisted she needed to stand. The vet’s examination revealed the heart was much improved. I asked the vet to check the lungs. The eye was right. Respiratory failure was a problem. We were running out of horse. It was time to let her go on to greener pastures.

If a radii solaris is present, the horse probably had a severe systemic streptococcal infection at some point. The infection probably caused sudden restriction of joint movement due to pain. There may have been fever, and abdominal pain. The effects of the condition have led to a heart murmur. There may also be kidney weakness resulting from the prior infection. It may be necessary to treat a dormant infection still residing in the body.

The heart-as well most body tissues- requires a specific form of potassium to function properly.

Fig. 12-6 Diagram of the Equine Heart

Potassium

Potassium is one of the most vital nutrients required by the body. No mineral can be more crucial for survival of the body. Death occurs rapidly due to sudden cardiac arrest. The heart is dependent upon potassium to initiate impulses to stimulate contraction of the muscle fibers. Every nerve in the body is dependent on this mineral to function properly. Thus, a potassium deficiency affects every tissue in the body.

The following illnesses have been proven to have a contributing cause due to potassium deficiency in humans and/or animals:

Arthritis	Adrenal Insufficiency	Alzheimer's	Atrial Fibrillation	Celiac disease
Coronary artery disease	Crohn's disease	Colitis (ulcerative)	Diabetes	Hypothyroidism
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)	High Blood Pressure	Lupus	Multiple Sclerosis	Myasthenia gravis
Kidney Stones	Atherosclerosis	Stroke

It is used to make various electrolyte solutions. Sweat is composed of potassium excreted via the skin. Activities requiring high amounts of exertion will tend to deplete the body of this mineral due to the production of sweat. This also occurs when outdoor temperatures require the body to cool itself through sweat production. Thus, many caregivers will provide mineral blocks in the paddocks and/or stalls of their horses.

Along with sodium and chloride, potassium are needed to regulate the osmotic pressure and acid-base balance of the body. Hay sources as well as other forms of forage are often high in potassium.

A lack of potassium may be the cause of chronic Azoturia also known as typing up or exertional rhabdomyolysis. If muscles deficient in this vital mineral spasm, it is a probability that the heart muscle is also strained from a potassium deficiency.

Chronic laminitis in ponies can be due to a potassium deficiency. Blood & urine tests will aid in deciding whether or not this is the case. In equines of all sizes, hypokalemia is indicated by a deficiency in the blood serum level of potassium. This should NOT be confused with Hyperkalemic Periodic Paralysis (HYPP). The American Quarter Horse Association under the guidance of various veterinarian researchers has determined HYPP to be a genetic condition.

The following list provides more signs of potassium deficiency:

Acne	Arthritis	Swollen joints	Constipation	Impaired Intellect
Depression	Memory Loss	Swelling of the extremities	Agitation or Irritability	Low Blood Pressure
Irregular heart beat	rapid heart beat	frequent urination in large volumes	blood sugar imbalances	constant fatigue
muscle weakness	muscle cramps	muscle twitches or tremors	Nervousness	lightheadedness
Exercise intolerance	Poor appetite	Use of antacids, aspirin, cortisone drugs or diuretics regular basis	Abdominal bloating	Eyelid swelling or swelling under eyes

Most diuretics cause the body to deplete tissue stores of potassium which results in a drug-induced overall body loss of potassium. Diuretics are associated with sudden death syndrome in humans. Unfortunately, Lasix is commonly prescribed for racehorses without the admonition to provide additional potassium. It is a wonder that racehorses or ex-racehorses used for barrel racing ever survive to old age.

Many potassium pills are known to cause ulceration of the intestines. Thus, if mandatory for survival, it is best to use potassium drugs in the liquid form. Natural forms of potassium in the diet are a safer alternative to drug forms of potassium.

Fig. 12-3 Some Indications for the Use of Potassium Sulphate (Kali. Sulph.) in humans

Heart Palpitations	Leg Pain	Vertigo
Intestinal Disorders	Heaves/Allergy	Anxiety
Catarrh	Hair Loss	Toothache
Viral Infection	Skin Eruptions/Scaling	Headache
Hives	Gutteral Pouch	Sinus Infections
	Flu	Earache

Fig. 12-4 Some Indications for the Use of Potassium Phosphate (Kali. Phos.)

Body Odors	Muscle Weakness	Anxiety
Slow Bowel	Nerve Disorders	Mental Despondence
Diarrhea	Heaves/Allergy	Fearfulness
Heat Cycle Pain	Backache	Poor Memory
Impotence	Cough	Headache
Leucorrhea (mare)	Fever	Vertigo
Ulcers	Lack of Energy	Earache
Urinary Problems	Abcesses
Stomach Problems

Fig. 12-5 Some Indications for the Use of Potassium Chloride salts (Kali. Mur.)

Catarrh	Heart Palpitations	Epilepsy
Sluggish Bowels	Heaves/Allergy	Earache
Painful Urination	Cough	Headache
Leucorrhea (mares)	Cold	Sore Throat
Anemia	Bronchitis	Eye Inflammation
Heat Cycle Pain	Backache	Abcesses
Diarrhea	Gutteral Pouch problem	Sinus infection
Viral Infection	Pain/Inflammation	Scar Tissue

Adrenal Glands

The adrenal glands are located on the ANW on top of the kidneys in the left eye between 6:15-6:30 (Fig 12-7) and in the right eye between 5:15-5:45 (Fig. 12-8) in zone 3.

Fig. 12-7 Adrenal Gland Left Eye Fig. 12-8: Adrenal Gland Right Eye

The adrenal gland is considered as a portion of the Endocrine or Hormonal System. Each gland is comprised of the adrenal cortex which surrounds the medulla, the central portion of the gland. The hormones released by this pair of glands are involved in many of the complex functions of the body including the reproductive system.

The adrenal glands produce dopamine, norepinephrine and epinephrine. All three are catecholamines.(see for definition). Dopamine dilates the systemic arteries, increase heart output, and increase blood flow to the kidneys. Norephinephrine constricts the arterioles and venules to restrict blood flow, elevate blood pressure and slow down the heart rate. Epinephrine constricts the skin blood vessels, dilates blood systems to the muscles, increases heart activity, dilates the bronchi by relaxing bronchial muscles, increases blood glucose levels by stimulating production from glycogen in the liver, increases fatty acids in the bloodstream, and decreases the gastrointestinal activity.

The adrenal glands help to regulate the body when stress occurs. Anticipation increases the release of norepinephrine. Epinephrine is important in producing the “fright or flight” syndrome in emergencies. Both norepinephrine and epinephrine secretions are increased in situations of extreme stress which can be emotional in type.

During “fright or flight”, the body rapidly uses up its supply of the B vitamins and vitamin C. These nutrients are vital to the body’s health and well being. Supplementation of these vitamins must be given to replace the constant loss during physical, emotional or mental stress.

The adrenal glands produce hormones synthesized from cholesterol. Most of the body systems are influenced in some manner by the hormones. Categorized by chemical structure and biological activity in the body, the compounds are:

glucocorticoids (cortisol, corticosterone) secreted from the adrenal cortex act mainly in carbohydrate, protein and lipid metabolism resulting in proper glucose utilization and glucose production as well as on water content, bone, muscle, central nervous system, heart, and gastrointestinal metabolism and as an anti-inflammatory and immunological agent to the tissues. After an injury, they decrease the body’s initial inflammatory responses of heat, swelling, and pain. Thus, a negative effect is found in the process of wound healing.

mineralocorticoids or adrenal steriods of aldosterone (the most potent) and dehydroepiandrosterone which affect the body’s ability to prevent possible lethal potassium overload and maintain adequate sodium (conservation) levels in the blood;

androgens required for reproduction;

estrogens (estradiol) required for reproduction; and

progestins (progesterone) required for reproduction.

A hyperactive adrenal gland will show as a white flare in the adrenal zone. In 1935, Dr. Hans Selye based his “general adaptation syndrome” on studies of physiological stress effects on laboratory animals. Some of his findings are located on the chart below.

Fig. 12-9 Some Physical Signs of Adrenal Hyperactivity:

Nervousness	Irritability	Hyperactivity
Hypertension	Swelling due to Edema	Drooping Abdomen
Hair Loss	Rapid Metabolism	High Blood Sugar
Sympathetic Nerve Stimulation	Poor Wound Healing	Cushing’s Syndrome
Osteoporosis	Arteriosclerosis	Arthritis
Decreased Immunity	Acidity	Renal Sclerosis
Enlarged Adrenal Glands	Improper Sodium Blood Levels

More specifically, an excessive amount of cortisol is present in cases involving Cushing’s syndrome, decreased glucose tolerance, atherosclerosis (most common form of arteriosclerosis or hardening of the arteries), systolic hypertension (i.e, in the human, blood pressure above 140 over 80), osteoporosis (loss of bone), “fat face” and “buffalo hump”, and muscle wasting.

Excessive amounts of androgen cause the female to exhibit male sex characteristics such as increased muscular development. Both sexes may exhibit hair loss. In some equine circles, this makes for the “ideal” halter mare.

Aldosterone increase causes hypertension, low blood serum potassium, elevated blood serum sodium, and excessive amounts of urination.

A hypoactive adrenal gland will show darker the predominant iris coloration. Prickly Ash can be used to stimulate the gland.

Fig 12-10 Some Physical Signs of Adrenal Hypo- Activity:

Exhaustion	Fatigue	Low Blood Pressure
Weight Gain/Loss	Dehydration	Mood Swings
Muscular Weakness	Allergy	Depression
Excessive Reaction to Antigens	Mental Slowness as Alertness Decreased	Inability to break down proteins into amino acids
Slow Metabolism	Dizziness	Low Blood Sugar
High Potassium Level

An adrenal tumor will appear as a dark brown to black lesion.

Most adrenal conditions benefit from the supplementation of potassium, Alfalfa, Cascara Sagrada, Ginseng, Juniper berries, Parsley, folic acid, and b-complex vitamins required when the body is stressed – physically or mentally. Additionally, foods containing phosphorus, calcium, sodium, and tin should be supplemented with vitamins C, E, and pantothenic acid.

Licorce Root

Licorce root’s glucoside (glycyrrhizinic acid) is useful when attempting to correct the adrenal gland function. Its benefits include the following:

Acts as a nutrient and a tonic to tone and to strengthen the adrenal glands, pancreas, spleen and the lymph glands.
Hormone replacement after removal of the female reproductive organs. This surgery may occur if a mare has a history of ovarian tumors. Some mares with excessive white markings are neutered due to breed show requirements. The root contains no estrogen but does exhibit estrogenic activity.
Calcium supplement.
Potassium supplement
Relax bronchi spasms of bronchitis.
Hepatic to stimulate the liver to rid the body of fat.
Hypoglycemia
Aids in production of white blood cells
Aids in body’s immunity as its volatile oils of thujone (also found in red cedar) and fenchone (also found in Fennel and Lavender) inhibit viral growth.
Soothe inflammation in all mucous membranes of tissues including throat, bronchi, lungs, and nasal passages.
Provide the body with quick energy for the hard work and stress of equine endurance competitions.
Aids the digestive and gastrointestinal tracts to assist with pain management and healing of colitis, chronic colic, and ulcers of any type.
Kidney and bladder problems;
Rid the horse of a sore back by applying a poultice of leaves.
Skin inflammations
Dewormer for foals.

NOTE: The diagram (Fig. 12-15) of the adrenal glands can be found in the section discussing kidneys.

The Equine Kidneys

The kidneys are found directly below the adrenal glands in both the left and the right eyes. The left kidney is between 6:00-6:30 in the left eye.(Fig 12-11). The right kidney is between 5:30-6:00 in the right eye (Fig 12-12).

Fig. 12-11 Kidney Markings in the Left Iris Fig. 12-12 Kidney Markings in the Right Iris

The functions of these paired organs is to filter and to excrete urine to aid the regulation of the body’s content of water, electrolytes and acid levels of the blood supply and body’s tissues. Iris analysis allows one to determine the capacity of the organ to function. However, the functioning response may still be adequate even though defect signs are present. It is best to use clinical lab tests to determine the exact functioning response at the time in question. These tests will also aid in determining whether or not the suggested nutritional protocols are aiding in correcting the defects.

Urine consists mainly of water (about 95%), organic solids including uric acid and creatinine and inorganic solids mainly consisting of sodium and potassium salts. Removal of these wastes allows the kidneys to assist the tissues and blood supply to maintain homeostasis. This is a constant process of filtering and releasing

Indications of kidney malfunction include low back pain, fever, renal colic, blood or pus in the urine, and body tissue swelling.

All markings will indicate functional disturbances in the kidney. Most markings will be found in the medullary layer and not the cortex of the kidney. Renal defects always appear as lacunae or crypts.

Inherent weakness will show as a large lesion covering the entire zone.

White flares indicate high levels of uric acid or over-activity (inflammation) due to possible infection. When there is irritation, there is a decrease in the level of excretions. The body will require soothing demulcents. Cornsilk can be used to tone the kidney(s) and combat infection.

Radii Solaris through the specific zone(s) are a good indicator of a bacteria infection. However, if the radii solaris are white, it is an indicator of pressure in the organs.

Dark lesions are indications of decreased kidney function. In these cases, the body requires stimulants such as Juniper or Buchu.

Buchu (Bucca) leaves act as a diuretic to force the kidney(s) to eliminate accumulated tissue fluids. It is often used in the place of Lasix. In the normal process of elimination the kidneys filter excess glucose and chloride forms of sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium whenever the blood levels exceeds the body’s limitation of saturation. However, when the kidneys are forced to respond to the application of a diuretic, they are not able to objectively limit the amount of vital organic and inorganic product(s) to be excreted. Over-activity of the kidneys causes the body to be robbed of vital potassium. Muscles go into spasm – including the heart. Potassium should be added to the diet of any horse given a diuretic to attempt to alleviate poor muscle function.

Fig. 12-15 Diagram of the Equine Kidneys & Adrenal Glands

Pancreas

The pancreas is found along the center line of the horse body near the stomach. It is found on the ANW between 7:30-7:45 in the right iris. (Fig. 12-16). The left portion of the pancreas is found on the ANW between 6:45-7:00.

Fig. 12- 16 Pancreas zone in the Right eye

The pancreas is composed of 2 glands. The exocrine portion produces digestive enzymes carried by pancreatic ducts to the duodenum. The endocrine portion secretes hormones known as glucagon and insulin. The hormones are produced by Islets of Langerhans, a specific group of cells.

Insulin stimulates the liver to change glucose into glycogen for storage. Glucagon increases the blood sugar levels by increasing the liver’s output. It decreases the blood sugar levels by increasing the insulin level to increase the rate of glucose moving into the tissues-especially the muscle tissues.

Dark lesion in the pancreas indicates hypo-activity or pancreatic insufficiency eventually leading to diabetes as the insulin production is decreased.

Fig. 12-17 Some Physical Signs of Chronic or Hypo-activity of the Pancreas

Excessive Thirst	Weight Gain or Loss	Memory Loss
Circulatory Disorders	Acidosis	Loss of Body Sodium
Kidneys Fail to Absorb Water	Excessive Urination	Excessive Dehydration
Sweet Smell to Breath	High Blood Sugar	Diabetes

Fig. 12-18 Some Herbs/Foods to Assist Pancreatic Hypo-Activity

Alfalfa	Blueberry	Bugleweed	Cornsilk	Dandelion rt
Elecampagne (insulin replacement)	Ginseng	Goldenseal	Licorce root	Raspberry
Wheat Bran	Lecithin	Chromium	Potassium

White flares indicate hyper-activity or hyperglycemic conditions due to excessive secretions of insulin.

Fig. 12-19 Some Physical Signs of Acute or Hyperactivity of the Pancreas

Anxiety	Increased Sweating	Increased Heart Rate
Mental Disorientation	Low Blood Sugar	Excessive Thirst
Fatigue	Frequent Urination	Sudden Weight Change
Hyperglycemia

Fig. 12-20 Some Herbs/Foods to Assist Pancreas Hyperactivity

Dong Quai	Licorce Root	Ginseng	Juniper berry	Rice Bran
Potassium

NOTE: Goldenseal in any form should be avoided as it is thought to bring on a hypoglycemic attack when ingested by a body containing an already overactive pancreas.

Radii Solaris are found here. When this occurs, it indicates diabetic type conditions. Bacterial and/or viral infections in this tissue can be corrected with the routine vermifuge herbs, i.e. Wormwood and Black Walnut.

Fig. 12-21 Diagram of Equine Pancreas

Introduction to Therapeutic Essential Oils in the Equine & Human Companion

The purpose of this section is to introduce the student to therapeutic essential oils and their usage in the healing arts. After the completion of this section, the student should be able to list the most common healing oils mentioned in the Bible. The student should be aware of the most common dosages for human or for horse. This is a very complex art. The knowledge base stretches from basic botany to organic chemistry to today's clinical trials using the oils to find new modalities/treatments in the cure of the dis-ease process.

Aromatic plants and their oils were used extensively by the ancient societies including but not limited to the Egyptians, Greeks & Romans. Since the beginning of time, plants and the products derived from them have been used to aid in healing the body, kill bacterial infections, and to revitalize a depleted vitality. Some of the products were so costly only the royalty and the religious temples of a society would have the capacity to afford the substances.

What was an academic area of study in the past has now come forward as a popular trend to perfume the air of homes. Fortunately, the lost knowledge of eras gone by are re-emerging. Current society is looking for answers to medical conditions when allopathic medicine fails. The doctrine of signatures is appearing once again in the vocabulary of the people who are returning to the salts of the earth and the plant kingdoms flowers.

The doctrine of signatures is a form of classification. For example, the form of a plant's leaves, coloration, growing location and more are taken into account when attempting to determine the possible usage of the plant. A plant was also classified according to the four elements, i.e. air, water, earth, fire. Whether or not the usage of a plant resulted in causing heat or cold in the body is considered. For example, a blue flower is thought to have sedation properties. Orange flowers or oils are known to have a warming effect in the body. Lungwort is used for the respiratory system as the plant has lung shaped leaves.

Essential oils are found to be subtle, aromatic and volatile liquids extracted from flowers, seeds, leaves, stems, bark and roots of bushes, shrubs, herbs and trees, through distillation. The effectiveness of essential oils can not be appreciated without knowledge of frequency. Frequency is a measured rate of electrical energy flow that is constant between two points. All things have a frequency.

The oil is to the plant as blood is to a body. The oil carries trace elements of nutrients, hormones, enzymes, vitamins, minerals, antibodies, antifungal, antibacterial, anti-infectious, antiseptic & immune-stimulating properties as well as oxygen. When a plant leaf is broken, the plant releases the oil to clean, disinfect and start the regeneration process of the plant's wound.

The following list is comprised of some of the highlights in the timeline of essential oils & the usages of oils:

Translations of Egyptian hieroglyphics and ancient Chinese manuscripts indicated priests & physicians were using plant oils for healing thousands of years before the existence of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
Egyptian Pharaohs were known to trade Blue Lotus Oil with India's kings for land, slaves, gold and other precious goods. In 1922, King Tut's tomb opening exposed 350 liters of oil in alabaster jars. The oils were in excellent condition.
The Ebers Papyrus dating back to 1500 B.C. was found in 1817. It was considered a medicinal scroll. It was over 870 feet long. The scroll mentioned more than 800 different formulas of herbal prescriptions.
Other scrolls have shown the Egyptians had a high success with healing 81 different dis-ease processes. Many of the mixtures contained myrrh and honey. Myrrh was used in the embalming process due to its ability to prevent bacterial growth. Today, scientific research has proven Myrrh's healing properties for skin and throat infections and skin tissue regeneration.
Records indicate than in 4500 B.C., the Egyptians were using various fragrances and balsamic substances in personal care as well as in rituals and temple ceremonies.
The early Romans, like the Egyptians, used fumigation to purify the air and to open the subconscious mind to elevate their ability to communicate with their spirit world. Bathing in hot tubs and massage with fragrant oils were common practices to aid in the body's purity and beautification practices.
The Bible contains over 180 references to oils or the plants they were derived from. Some were used for anointing and healing of the sick. Clinical research now proves that frankincense and myrrh are two of the most powerful immune-stimulating substances available today.
In the 10th century, Avicenna, in the Arab world, aided in the development of using distilled oils from aromatic plants. The distillation of rose oil and rose water were popular at that time.
In the 12th century, essential oils were produced in Europe. St. Hildegard of Bingen used lavender oil to heal illness.
In the 13th and 14th centuries, essential oils were used to during the great plagues. Grave robbers bathed in oils of pine, frankincense, balsam, clove, cinnamon and rosemary to prevent themselves from becoming ill when approaching the bodies of the deceased. These were oils also used by those whose job was to prepare bodies for funerals.
In the 14th century, Hungary water, a rosemary lotion, came into prominent usage. It is still made today.
Nicolas Culpepper, a late 16th century astrological physician, used planetary characteristics to determine an oil's characteristics. For example, Ylang Ylang is associated with the planet Venus due to its strong sweet odor, slightly yellow color and aphrodisiac properties.
Dr. Edward Bach (1886-1936), a British doctor, believed negative emotions predisposed people to illness. The roadblocks to healing could be removed through the use of flower remedies. These remedies were thought to encourage a better mental outlook which would dissipate negative feelings which were preventing the body from healing. He used 38 different plants which he classified with 38 categories of negative emotions. He further refined the categories into 7 groups representing a mental state that could interfere with healing. The groups are apathy, despair, fear, loneliness, uncertainty and concern for the well-being of others.
Hippocrates, the father of modern medicine, used 235 different plant sources in his healing practice. He used aromatic herbs in the form of fumigation to rid Athens of the plague.
Aromatherapie, a book by Rene-Maurice Gattefosse, a French cosmetic chemist, was published in 1937. His interest in the essential oils was accelerated in 1920 when he was accidentally got a 3rd degree burn while working in a laboratory. Thinking a vat contained water, he plunged his arm into it. The vat contained lavender oil. The burning decreased within minutes. The burn healed completely without a scar with the continued application of the oil. By analyzing the oil, he found it contained many chemical constituents. He shared his experience with his colleague and friend, Dr. Jean Valnet.
During World War II while serving as a French Army medical physician at the China Wall, Dr. Valnet used essential oils to treat war victims when he ran out of antibiotics. He was amazed at the powerful effect the oils had in reducing and/or stopping infection. He was able to save soldiers who should have died if he had applied routine medical therapy. He continued to research the usage of oils with psychiatric patients in private practice.
Two of Dr. Valnet's students, Dr. Paul Belaiche and Dr. Jean Claude Lapraz, expanded his work. They found that essential oils contained antiseptic, antiviral, antibacterial, and antifungal properties. They also found the oils were capable of carrying substances into the cells of the body to deliver nutrients.
The Body Electric, by Dr. Robert O. Becker, explains that the body has an electrical frequency and health is determined by the body's frequency.
Bruce Tainio, Tainio Technology, an independent division of Eastern State University, Cheny, Washington, built the first frequency monitor in 1992. Frequency is measured in megahertz (MHz).

Dr. Royal Rife stated every disease has a frequency. Furthermore, certain frequencies can prevent the disease process while others would prevent disease. Also, he found the application of substances with higher frequencies will destroy diseases with lower frequencies.

Another researcher, Nikola Tesla, believed it possible to eliminate certain outside frequencies so there would be a greater resistance to disease.

Using Tainio's monitor, we now can prove the following:

Substance	Frequency
Processed and/or Canned Foods	0 MHz
Fresh Produce	15 MHz
Dried Herbs	12 - 22 MHz
Fresh Herbs	20 - 27 MHz
Essential Oils	52 - 320 MHz
Bone	38 - 43 MHz
Average Human Body from Neck & Down	62 - 68 MHz
Colds & flu symptoms develop when human body drops to	58 MHz
Candida develops when human body drops to	55 MHz
Epstein Barr symptoms appear when human body drops to	52 MHz
Cancer develops when human body drops to	42 MHz
Death process develops when human body drops to	24 - 25 MHz

As each oil has its own frequency just as each organ and body part has its own frequency, one can then determine which oils will work to improve specific conditions. The oil will seek its own frequency counterpart in the body. It is this capacity which allows the oils to remain in the body to provide long lasting effects.

The following rules of frequency should be followed:

Low frequencies make physical changes in the body.
Middle frequencies make emotional changes in the body.
High frequencies make spiritual changes in the body. (Ranging from 92 - 360 MHz).

When applied to the skin, it takes only 21 minutes for the oils to be dispersed throughout every cell in the body. Testing on the heart, pancreas & thyroid have shown the oils present within 3 seconds. Layering one oil upon another accelerates the process even more. Applied to the hoof or the fingernail/toe nail, the oil will penetrate to treat the underlying fungus. The fastest way for the body to absorb an oil is through breathing. The second fastest is by application to the ears or to the feet. On the horse, one can apply the oils to the frog of the hoof. On a dog, one can apply the oils to the skin between the pads of the feet.

The oils stay in the body from 20 minutes to 2 hours. There is no residue to remain. As the mental attitude changes, the effects and the frequencies are accumulative. One must have the desire for change in order to remove an old worn-out habit.

Disease requires a lack of oxygenation in the body. The oils carry oxygen throughout the body as they are capable of crossing the blood brain barrier. No other therapy is known to do this at this time in history. In this manner, the oils can restore cells to normal in 7 seconds. The oils can cross a thickened cell wall which was unable to allow the entrance of oxygen prior to the application of the oils.

Oils may cause discomfort if the body is toxic. Thus, the body is found to be very acid. The oils are capable of removing toxins - catarrh, chemicals, heavy metals, mucous, poisons, parasites - from the body. If the body is eliminating too fast, stop the usage of the oils for a few days or dilute the oils. Diluting the oils with a vegetable oil enables the body to catch up with the elimination process. Toxins not released from the body via the lungs, the kidneys, the gastro-intestinal tract and/or the skin are recirculated through the body. In such cases, the body's pH must be restored.

Diffused into the air, essential oils will:

Remove metallic particles and toxins as well as dust particles as an air filtration system
Destroy odors (i.e pet or cigarette) and mold
Increase ozone and negative ions to inhibit bacterial growth
Increase oxygen content of the air

Not all oils are created equal. Most are used in the cosmetic industry. The distinctive smell of Old Spice, a male cologne, was in part due to the addition of Myrrh. Even oils touted as therapeutic are all too often not. I would suggest tasting the essential oil to be sure of its purity. If it has a petroleum after taste, it has probable been cut with such a by-product of the petroleum industry. If so, its medicinal properties will be close to zero. You will find this to be the case with most essential oils found in aromatherapy. These oils are good to make the air smell good - not to provide true improvement to air quality. A medicinal quality oil will be very expensive. Its curative properties are invaluable. Much to valuable to be burned away in a heated diffuser.

As of 1993, only 2.5% of essential oils produced were proven to be therapeutic for medicinal application. There are only two companies in the world today which are confident enough to submit their oils for approval by AFNOR, the French organization responsible for providing the international standard by which essential oils are judged. I have tried oils which are reportedly as close as possible to those produced by these 2 companies. Sadly, I did not have the same results as I did when using the qualified oils. Opening the bottle of these oils let me know immediately the aroma was not as strong as the ones I normally used. Nor did I experience the same healing physical benefits which I expected.

Inhalation of the essential oils is the fastest way of absorption. The inhaled oils are carried to the limbic system and the olfactory sensory center at the brain's base. The olfactory nerves are much like other nerves and body organs. They respond to electrical signals and impulses that are sent to various body areas. This may aid in explaining why inhalation of some oils will increase endorphin, neurotransmitter & antibody production.

They then pass between the pituitary and the pineal gland and then to the amygdala. In 1989, it was discovered the amygdala of the human brain plays a major role in storing and releasing emotional trauma. Only fragrance stimulation or odor has been found to have a profound effect in triggering a response in this gland.

Thus, I have developed the "sniff" test for animals. To date, it appears this methodology has not been used previously in humans or in animals. I have found it a superior way to determine which oil is required by a specific body. And its simplicity takes out the guess work. When an oil or a blend of oils are held near the nostrils, the animal will give a response to the aroma. If it is an oil the body requires, the animal will respond by licking its lips, sighing or attempting to eat the bottle out of your hands within seconds of the smell approaching the brain. If the animal does not require the oil, it will turn away from the offending smell.

I have tested this "sniff" test on numerous human clients. One most acknowledged case was a person with an inoperable brain tumor. In July, she was told to go home to make the final preparations for her estate. A medical appointment was made for October. She was not expected to make the appointment. She did. How? Some may say by the Grace of God. Others may say by her own desire for survival. I say by both.

She followed directions well. I started by having her cleanse the gastro-intestinal tract. Specific nutrients were given in liquid form to aid in regeneration of the tissues. And the oils she chose from a 2 ml testing kit I developed. Within 5 days of the start of therapy, green fluid began to flow from both ears and the nostrils. After a few more days, several of the chosen oils became intolerable to the smell. These oils were put aside. During the October medical tests, it was discovered the fungus surrounding the brain tumor was gone. The doctors stated they had given her nothing to remove the fungus. There was no drug which could have removed it. The tumor was now operable. To date, she has chosen not to have the surgery. As the doctors had never before told her about the fungus, she is concerned about other possible complications she has not been told about which may affect the surgical outcome.

I have experienced the same reactions in cases of equine veterinary medicine. Animals which were proven to have poor prognosis due to various dis-ease processes have lived. This is especially true in cases where antibiotics did not work.

For the "sniff" test to work, the operator must be capable of putting aside his/her own ego. The one being tested must be allowed to determine for its own self which aroma is the most appealing. If I had told the brain tumor person I disagreed with her choices, she would never have learned about the fungus. And the now disgusting smelling oils have proven to be the ones which allowed the fungus to leave the body. Some times it is not only knowledge of various therapies which provides the opportunity to heal the body.

Essential oil application in animals is similar to that of humans. If the animal is small (i.e. cat or dog), use 3 to 4 drops each time. If application is for a larger animal i.e. larger dogs, Dr. Gary Young suggests 6 to 7 drops. For a horse, Dr. Young suggests 15 to 20 drops of the oil per application. However, you may find the situation requires more or less.

There are many ways to apply the oils. You may apply to the spine and massage in. Or perhaps the under the top lip, on the gums or on the tongue. Earlier, I discussed applying the oils to the bottom of the feet and the auricular points of the ear. A new born human would require you do not actually apply the oils. Instead, you would put the oil in the palm of your hand, rub both palms together, and hold the hands palm down close to but not on the skin of the infant. This method would work well with some of the very small dog breeds.

Suggestions for a Basic Equine Essential Oil First Aid Kit

Cypress: Reduces edema in the extremities, reduce scar tissue,
Eucalyptus globulus: analgesic, antibacterial, antiseptic, antispasmodic, diuretic, expectorant, apply as a body rub to reduce fevers, skin conditions, respiratory infections, urinary tract infections
Idaho Balsam Fir: Antiseptic, soothes overworked and tired muscles, ligaments, tendons, nerves and joints; aids in reducing pain; may help emotional balancing and promote a sense of grounding.
Lavender: Antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antidepressant, anti-coagulant, antihistamine, antispasmodic, anti-venom, antiviral, lowers blood pressure, calmative, sedative, wound healing. This is one of the most universally used oils as it aids in skin irritations due to insect, spider or snake bites.
Lemon: Antibacterial, antidote for variety of toxins, antiviral, immune stimulant, protects vascular system, normalizes heart function.
Patchouli: Antibacterial, antidepressant, anti-inflammatory, anti-fungal, anti-infectious, antiseptic, diuretic, sedative. Relieves itching from hives, aids in reducing scar tissue, tissue regenerator
Peppermint: Antiseptic, digestive disorders to expel built up gas, nausea, colic; arthritic conditions, asthma, bronchitis, muscular tension and pain; nerve pain, respiratory conditions (COPD). I have used 1 drop in a pint of water as a drench to reduce fevers that Banamine could not. Horses that are overheated can benefit from the drench as it aids in cooling the inside of the body. In cases of seasonal colic, I would suggest adding to a second water bucket for free choice usage.
Tansy: Antibacterial, antifungal, anti-infectious, anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic, antiviral; Has been found to be beneficial for tumors, kidneys, sprains, sciatica and respiratory infections. Caution: Not to be used in cases of epilepsy or pregnancy.
Wintergreen: Cortisone-like activity due to the high methyl salicylate content; useful to reduce fever, edema, infection, lymph congestion, cystitis, bladder infections, sore joints and muscles. Caution: Not for use in pregnancy or epilepsy.

Suggested Reading: Essential Oil Desk Reference by D. Gary Young and The Reference Guide to Essential Oils

Test for Module 3

The test questions need to be emailed to admin@circlestarfarms.com as an attachment when you have completed it. Please be sure to include your name and contact information.

Fig. 12-22 This photo is the right eye of a 13 year old mare used for barrel racing.

Using the right iris in Fig 12.22, please determine the basic conditions of the following areas only:

Autonomic Nervous Wreath
Right side of the Stomach
Right side of the Esophagus
Right side of the Gastro-intestinal Tract
Right side of the Heart
Right Adrenal Gland
Pancreas
Right Kidney

NOTE: Be sure to include in your analysis the possible dis-ease processes which would be indicative of the iride signs in each section. This portion also requires suggestions for corrections of the conditions. Be sure to select remedies which are suited for numerous of the conditions found in the body. It is not necessary to use many different supplements when one supplement may aid in the correction of several deficiencies.

Provide suggestions for the following conditions:

Pancreatic Hypoactivity
Pancreatic Hyperactivity
Adrenal Insufficiency
Cardiac Insufficiency
Cardiac Hyperactivity
Renal Hyperactivity
Renal Insufficiency

Questions Based on John Lust's The Herb Book and Module 3.

List 3 herbs used as anthelmintics to aid in reduction of parasitic involvement in a body.
Give the uses of Licorce root.
Aged Black Walnut hull is used to assist in the healing of what dis-ease processes.
When is a carminative required? Please give 2 different sources of a carminative.
What is a "bitter" herb? Please give 2 different sources of "bitters".
What is the best method for preparation of an herbal supplementation when you are wanting to extract mainly the mineral salts & the bitter principles?
Explain how to apply a poultice made of dried Comfrey root.
Give the recipe for a diuretic tea to improve the excretion of fluids.
Dandelion is also known to assist in diabetic conditions. Describe how to use the fresh dandelion in the spring.
Describe how to prepare and to use Ginger in the case of flatulent colic.
Describe why Catnip is a good herb to use in the case of colic.
Give the properties and the usages of Hyssop.
Give the properties of Celery including why it should not be used during the condition of acute kidney problems.
Explain why Hawthorne, Motherwort & Myrrh are a good combination to be used as a cardiac tonic.
Name herbal sources high in vitamin E.
Explain why Golden Bough or Mistletoe aids in cardiac conditions.
Explain why small amounts of Nutmeg may be beneficial.
Explain the usages of Juniper berries and what body systems and/or organs may benefit from its usages.
Explain what is a renal demulcent and give examples
Explain what is a renal stimulant and give examples for usage.
Using the doctrine of signatures, give examples of the usages of black walnut.
Using the doctrine of signatures, give examples of the usages of peppermint.
Using the doctrine of signatures, explain why and how your favorite plant is used.
Explain when an extract is used instead of a decoction.
Explain how to make a poultice.
Explain what herb to use and how you would use it to stop a heart attack and/or stroke in minutes?

Questions Based on David Stewart's Healing Oils of the Bible

Why are healing oils called "essential"?
Why are essential oils capable of reaching every cell in the body?
Compare essential oils to the use of pharmaceutical drugs.
Why did the people of the Bible have access to many spices, oils, and herbs?
How many references in the Bible are there giving mention of the use of aromatic herbs and trees? (See pg. 112 - 113)
How many different species of aromatic herbs and trees are mentioned in the Bible?
What percentage of the books of the known Bible mention aromatic herbs & trees?
What are the usages of the fatty oils?
What are the usages of the aromatic and/or essential oils?
What references/versions of the Bible are used in this book?
How does the mission of this book aid in authorizing you to suggest and to apply oils to others without breaking government laws which allow only government licensed persons to diagnosis and/or to prescribe medications?
Why is there a lack of detail on the oils usage in the Bible?
What is the Balm of Gilead?
What spices were used for burial? (See I Chronicles 16:14, Mark 16:1, Luke 23:56, Luke 24:1, John 19:40)
Explain the confusion about the term myrrh or mor in the Bible.
What oils were commonly used in the 40 day embalming process?
Where are essential oils found in the plant?
Where is benzoin found?
How did the Romans use myrrh?
Explain why the oils and the dried herbs of the same plants may not work the same.
Explain why alternative medicine is the original medicine.
Explain the difference between the essential oils and the fatty oils.
What is the ORAC score?
Why does the use of allopathic antibiotics make the immune system weaker?
Why are essential oils aromatic?
How do essential oils change emotions within the body?
How many molecules are contained in one drop of an essential oil?
Why are essential oils capable of crossing the Blood-Brain barrier?
What are phenols and phenylpropanoids? Give examples.
What are monoterpenes? Give examples.
What are sesquiterpenes? Give examples.
What is PMS when referring to essential oils?
What does the PMS do to the body?
Describe the effect of prayer and/or positive thoughts on the body's frequency.
What are the six ways essential oils support the body?
According to the CDCP, how many people die each year from the administration of prescription drugs?
Explain the difference between the terms "iatrogenic" and "nosocomial".
How many people die yearly from the administration of herbs and oils?
Compare the number of human deaths from prescriptions drugs to those attributed to nutritional supplementation.
Explain the roots of the word "pharmaceutical".
Explain how pharmaceutical drugs work.
Explain why pharmaceutical drugs may be required to aid in the body in giving up a symptom.
What did the term "doctor" refer to in the Bible?
According to Leviticus 13-14, what is the role of the priesthood in diagnosing, prescribing and administering oils?
Briefly describe the tribute to the ideal doctor as given in Ecclesiasticus.
As pertaining to the use of the essential oils and dried herbs, what was the role of the priest in biblical times?
What is the biblical meaning of anointment?
What is the recipe given to Moses for an anointing oil?
Explain the usages of the essential oil blends Exodus II and Thieves.
What are some usages for olive oil?
What is steam distillation as used in biblical times?
What is maceration?
What is a hydrosol?
List 7 different ways essential oils were released from plants in biblical times.
What is AFNOR?
Quote the following passages in the Bible:

Genesis 1:29-30	Genesis 1:11-12, 28		Corinthians 2:15-16	Ezekiel 47:12
Proverbs 21:20	Exodus 30:23-25	I Peter 2:5, 9	Luke 10:1-11	Mark 6:11-13
Revelations 22:2	Exodus 29:7

NOTE: In order to protect yourself from prosecution from state and/or federal government charges of practicing medicine without a license, I will discuss at a later module ways to become an ordained minister.